Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance by Directly Injecting Blends of Ammonium Hydroxide and Including Liquid Petroleum Gas as a Partially Premixed Charge

Authors

Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptFollow
Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta UniversityFollow
Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptFollow
Abdallah Salem Abdalhadi, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta UniversityFollow

Abstract

Recently, scientists have made significant strides in addressing or mitigating environmental issues. Researchers have adopted various approaches to tackle these issues, such as replacing fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly alternatives or blending multiple fuel types. This can be achieved by either integrating these two trends through the use of new injection systems and simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels with fossil fuels or by modifying fuel injection systems, exemplified by the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. Consequently, these methods have proven effective in reducing environmental pollutants, enhancing thermal efficiency, and decreasing specific fuel consumption. In this study, ammonia hydroxide and diesel were utilized as eco-friendly fuels, with volume ratios of 7.5% and 92.5%, respectively. Using the PCCI system, a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine underwent varying additions of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at rates of two, four, and six liters per minute. This facilitated experimental investigations into the engine's thermal efficiency (BTE) and ambient emissions. Additionally, changes in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were examined and compared with those when using diesel alone or diesel with ammonia hydroxide in the specified proportion. Moreover, empirical findings indicated that incorporating ammonia hydroxide into diesel at volume ratios of 7.5%–92.5% resulted in a mere 20.98% and 23.95% increase in thermal efficiency, respectively, compared to diesel alone. However, the average brake thermal efficiency improved to 24.6% with the introduction of liquefied petroleum gas at a rate of two liters per minute and escalated to 36.2% at a rate of four liters per minute. The highest braking thermal efficiency, 42.9%, was observed at a 2-kw load when adding LPG at a rate of six liters per minute with an increase in load. Additionally, the investigation monitored parameters such as soot opacity, emissions species, exhaust temperature, and specific fuel consumption.

Recommended Citation

Elkelawy, Medhat Prof. Dr, Eng.; Bastawissi, Hagar Alm-Eldin; Elsamadony, Mohammed Osama Dr. Eng.; and Abdalhadi, Abdallah Salem (2024) "Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance by Directly Injecting Blends of Ammonium Hydroxide and Including Liquid Petroleum Gas as a Partially Premixed Charge," Journal of Engineering Research: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 18.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/erjeng/vol8/iss1/18