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The World Research of Political Science Journal

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Abstract

The article provides a thorough examination of the international legal frameworks established to protect cultural heritage. Cultural heritage, encompassing both tangible and intangible elements, is vital for maintaining the historical and cultural identity of societies. The article outlines the significance of cultural heritage in fostering intercultural dialogue and understanding, highlighting its role in connecting past, present, and future generations. The key legal instruments discussed include the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972), which identifies and safeguards sites of outstanding cultural and natural value, and the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), which protects oral traditions, performing arts, and other intangible cultural elements. The UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) addresses the illegal trade of cultural artifacts. The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954) provides guidelines to protect cultural heritage during conflicts. The article highlights the devastating impact of armed conflicts on cultural heritage, presenting case studies from Syria, Iraq, Mali, Yemen, and Libya, where significant damage and looting have occurred. It underscores the importance of international humanitarian law and regional agreements in safeguarding cultural sites and artifacts during conflicts. Future challenges in cultural heritage preservation include urbanization, globalization, environmental changes, and illicit trade. The article advocates for innovative urban planning, promoting cultural diversity, adopting climate resilience strategies, thoughtful digitalization, and international collaboration. Technological advancements such as 3D scanning, virtual reality, and digital archives are identified as crucial tools for enhancing preservation efforts and public engagement. The article concludes that preserving cultural heritage is a collective global responsibility, requiring a multifaceted approach involving legal measures, technology, and international cooperation to ensure the protection of cultural treasures for future generations.

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