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International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Abstract

Aphthous stomatitis is also known as canker sores or aphthae. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), frequently manifests as superficial, oval, painful ulcers with a pseudomembranous base that is yellowish-gray and has an erythematous halo [1-2]. These uncomfortable lesions may have a significant impact on dental hygiene, speech, and eating. Hence, the lesions may have an even greater influence on living quality than only the discomfort they cause [3-5]. Even though the lesion normally heals on its own, the pain from the aphthae causes severe morbidity.

This disease entity is caused by multifactorial etiologies, which include inherited, environmental, infections caused by various bacteria, deficiencies of iron and vitamin B, etc. [6]. Despite this, research has revealed that taking iron or vitamin supplements does not decrease ulcer symptoms. It has been demonstrated that there is no link between microorganisms and aphthous ulceration [7]. As a result, the objectives of treatment are to lessen discomfort and to improve healing.

Many symptomatic treatment modalities are used for aphthous ulcerations. Antiseptics and analgesic medications constitute the initial line of treatment. One of the bisguanide antiseptics is chlorhexidine, which has a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity in addition to being safe, effective, and adequate [4-9]. Chlorhexidine is offered in a variety of products, including chips, mouthwash, dental varnish, and bioadhesive gels [4,8-9]. It is appropriate to advise chlorhexidine 0.2% rinse to all patients with aphthous ulcerations to reduce the risk of superinfection. Chlorhexidine is also effective at removing and stopping biofilms' growth, which is frequently present in oral plaque [10].

Ozone therapy has drawn a great deal of attention in the field of medicine, due to its potent oxidizing properties, antibacterial activity, ability to promote blood circulation and the immune system, and analgesic properties [11-13]. Ozone works by achieving infection control and accelerating healing [12-18]. Topically application of ozone to the diseased cutaneous and mucosal regions is effective [2]. As ozone is unstable, it is used in the form of ozonated oil which makes it stable. Olive oil is viscous and used to extend the shelf life of ozone [19,20]. The atypical cutaneous and mucosal regions are treated with ozonated oil [5-6]. There are not many studies looking at ozonated oil's potential as a treatment for recurrent aphthous ulcers. To treat oral illnesses, ozonated oil has been applied with superior outcomes [21-22]. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical ozonized olive oil and topical chlorhexidine gluconate in the management of RAS.

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