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Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

Abstract

The research focused on Alcazaba, fortress, of the Alhambra, located in the city of Granada in Al-Andalus, the reasons for its name, its geographical location, the reasons for its construction and how it is different from the old Alcazaba in Granada. It also discussed the historical stages of its construction since the era of the Umayyad State, the Zirid Dynasty as well as the era of the al-Muwahhidin and finally during the era of the state of Nasrid. The study was also supported by some evidence from the original historical sources, and important signs from the history of the internal and external conflicts that helped to reach its final construction and additions in the eras of Granada. Additionally, it included its architectural elements represented in the main walls and the walls that are well known as the Al-Satira (the Barbicana), and the Qoracha, which extended towards the Darro River, which divided the city into two parts: the first had the Albayazin neighborhood and the old Alcazaba of Granada, and the second had the Alcazaba of the Alhambra (the royal city), and the defensive towers that surrounded it, the most important of which are the Guard Tower, the Takreem , the Takseer, the Ajwaf and the Sultana, and their role in protection and housing. The study also showed the gates represented by the old Alcazaba Gate , the Gate of Weapons and the Gate of the Mill where its history of construction and reasons are discussed in comparison with the gates of the city of Granada and the Alhambra, which resembles them in terms of planning. The study also highlighted the construction technique used in the facades of those gates, especially the Gate of the old Alcazaba, the Gate of Arms, and the inner courtyard of the Alcazaba that contained houses, a well and a bathroom. These facilities were built to ensure the protection and steadfastness in case of a prolonged siege.

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