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Al Jinan الجنان

Al Jinan الجنان

Abstract

The current study talks about the Ikhshidi state: its emergence and the factors of its downfall.

It began with a definition of the Ikhshidid state, as it is an Islamic emirate founded by Mohamed bin Tughj al-Ikhshidi in Egypt, and later extended towards the Levant and the Hijaz, thirty years after the return of the Egyptian and Levantine lands to the Abbasid state, after the collapse of the Tulunid emirate, which was independent by virtue of the aforementioned lands, and separated from the Abbasid Caliphate for 37 years.

The founder of the Ikhshidid state was a Turkish Mamluk, and this Mamluk was appointed governor of Egypt by the Abbasid state. The Ikhshidid state is one of the successive countries that ruled the Islamic world. This state extended to include Egypt, Hijaz, the Levant and others, and it arose after the collapse of the Tulunid state, founded by Ahmed bin Tulun in Egypt, where it flourished greatly and expanded its area and greatness among countries.

However, the Ikhshidid state was subjected to several factors that led to its fall. This was the result of chaos and turmoil that swept most parts of Egypt after the death of Kafur Al-Ikhshidi and the inability of the Abbasid Caliphate to restore things to normal. We summarize that the collapse of the Ikhshidid state came as a result of natural disasters that hit the country, the most important of which is the low level of the Nile water, famine, high prices, fires, epidemics, until people ate carrion and dogs. That was in addition to the division of the army, where chaos prevailed in the ranks of the army and many soldiers revolted against their superiors and demanded their livelihood, which led to the escape of a large part of them from Egypt and catch up with Hassan bin Obaid Allah in the Levant. This was one of the most important reasons that led to the collapse of the Ikhshidid state and the success of the Fatimid invasion.

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