ORCID
0000-0002-0389-413X
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impacts of different smoking types on GCF levels of TNF-α & IL-8 after phase I periodontal therapy. The study compared between traditional cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs) in contrast to non-smokers following non-surgical treatment of moderate periodontitis patients. Subjects & methods: Forty-five patients with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis had been enrolled in this research. They had been divided into 3 equal groups and received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid had been collected from periodontal pockets at baseline & after six months. The collected samples had been analyzed for detection of 2 cytokines namely; Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) & interleukin 8 levels (IL-8). Results: Before therapy, traditional smokers showed the highest mean of the examined cytokines & non-smokers showed the least mean. After therapy, levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased in all groups. Non-smoker group showed the lowest level of the inflammatory cytokines followed by the HTPs smokers. Furthermore, traditional smokers revealed the highest level of inflammatory cytokines after 6 months. Conclusion: The current research found that different smoking types have different effects on the results of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. When comparing the effects of HTPs & traditional cigarettes, HTPs have less impact on periodontal therapy, while traditional smoking has a significant impact.
Recommended Citation
Abdelmaged N, Ragy NI, Farid Z. Alterations of TNF-α and IL-8 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid among Different Types of Smoking following Phase I Periodontal Therapy in Periodontitis Patients. Future Dental Journal. 2025; 10(2):166-175.
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